Peer-Reviewed Publications

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in Nonprofit Management. Handbook of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (Elgar Publishing). Willis, K., Nicols, W., & McDougle, L. (forthcoming)

• [Abstract]: The purpose of this chapter is three-fold. First, we focus on the topic of “whiteness” as a sociological construct that has often been (both implicitly and explicitly) a specific emphasis of DEI in nonprofit management. The construct, which has emerged, grown, and flourished due to centuries of racist, colonial, and imperialist practices (Garner, 2007), has undoubtedly led to the shape, form, and function of the nonprofit sector as we know it; and, we argue, that it is imperative that we acknowledge and grapple with this reality in order to create a nonprofit sector and workforce that is not only aware of its historical origins, but also just, equitable, and fair for all. Second, we provide a broad overview of how DEI has been conceptualized and measured in the nonprofit sector. Finally, we conclude the chapter by outlining what we refer to as a liberatory approach to DEI in nonprofit management. 

Nonprofit Income Portfolio Analysis. The Encyclopedia of Nonprofit Management, Leadership, and Governance. Mao, H., & McDougle, L. (forthcoming). 

• [Definitions]: Income portfolio analysis involves a detailed examination of the performance, composition, and characteristics of an organization's source(s) of revenue. Nonprofit income portfolio analysis applies this examination to nonprofit organizations. Revenue is the total amount of money an organization obtains from various sources. Income represents total profits, or net income, after expenses are deducted from revenue.

Community-Engaged Pedagogies: Possibilities for Undergraduate Public Affairs and Administration Education. In M. Hamidullah (Ed.), Undergraduate Public Affairs Education: Educating Future Generations of Public and Nonprofit Administrators. Routledge Publishing. Hung, W., & McDougle, L. (2021)

• [Abstract]: Community-engaged pedagogies are presented as forms of experiential learning methods that integrate community service with classroom teaching and learning in ways that promote reflection and action, cultivate civic awareness and responsibility, and stimulate skill-building for future careers. This chapter is a broad overview of community-engaged pedagogy (CEP) and its impact on a variety of outcomes. The increasingly popular form of CEP is service-learning where students engage in community service projects through reflective thinking and reciprocal relationships. In other words, students are given ample opportunities to step back and evaluate their actions in the context of mutually-beneficial relationships between themselves and faculty, and themselves and diverse community partners. While service-learning expresses itself in myriad forms, one that has gradually become important is experiential philanthropy. Here, students learn by giving—they give grants to selected nonprofits addressing consequential social problems and in turn become educated, engaged citizens, and leaders.

The Critical Pedagogy of Nonprofit Management Education: Teaching for Social Justice. In H. Carpenter, & K. Bezboruah (Eds.), Teaching Nonprofit Management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Mason, D., Jones, J., McDougle, L., Suarez, C. (2020). 

• [Abstract]: Nonprofit organizations often exist to serve vulnerable, marginalized, and underrepresented communities. Yet a lack of diversity and inclusion plagues the nonprofit sector. This chapter argues that when instructors engage in more “critical” perspectives, students of nonprofit management will not only be able to consider questions of power and privilege within nonprofit organizations, but will also be able to understand the impact of power and privilege imbalances within the communities that they serve. It provides a theoretical framework for critical pedagogies, and offers two exercise that instructors may use to provide examples of the way critical pedagogy can inform nonprofit management education (NME).

Experiential Philanthropy. In P. Prysmakova, D. R. Vienne, & A. Farazmand (Eds.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer Publishing. Xu, C., Li, H., & McDougle, L. (2017). 

• [Definition]: Experiential philanthropy is an innovative service-learning pedagogy in nonprofit management education. The pedagogy is intended to integrate academic learning with community engagement by allowing students an opportunity to study social problems and nonprofit organizations and then make decisions about directly or indirectly investing funds in them. Ultimately, experiential philanthropy is intended to teach students not only about issues associated with the management of nonprofit organizations but also about how to evaluate philanthropic responses to social issues.